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August 29, 2016




Formative Justice: The Regulative Principle of Education

This paper introduces the human problem of acting justly; it discusses the work that concepts of justice perform in human action; it situates a concept of formative justice relative to other forms of justice (i.e., distributive, retributive, social); and it explores some implications formative justice can have for educational policy and practice.


August 26, 2016

Rethinking Discussions of Justice in Educational Research: Formative Justice, Educational Liberalism, and Beyond

Educational research tends to borrow accounts of justice from scholarship embedded within the structures and commitments of other disciplines or fields of study. This article suggests a potentially desirable break from that pattern and employs Robbie McClintock’s work on formative justice towards articulating an account of justice that is primarily sensitive to the educational dimensions of its focus. Thompson argues that this account of the conceptual category serves as an entry point into posing distinctly educational questions in research and practice.


Human Motivation in the Digital Commons: Reflections on Robbie McClintock’s Conception of Formative Justice

Following McClintock’s suggestion that formative justice operates as a strategy for selecting those human potentials that are deserving of educational attention, this paper explores the role of value and human motivation in such a strategy and how formative justice becomes utilized in the creation and appropriation of commons-based digital resources.


August 25, 2016




August 24, 2016

Learning Technologies and Educational Equity: Charting Alternatives to the Troubling Pattern of Big Promises with Dismal Results

The authors of this commentary explore the challenges that arise when learning technologies are not carefully examined for their possibilities and limitations through a critical lens of educational equity and justice. They outline an approach to the incorporation of learning technologies that begins with and prioritizes educational equity and social justice.


The Education of the Third Class in The Republic: Plato and the Locus Classicus of Formative Justice

Does Plato’s trailblazing discussion of common education in The Republic include all children or only those of the elite guardian class? The author proposes a new way of answering this question. He suggests that Plato’s ambiguous treatment of the third class’s education in The Republic may have been intentional, designed to provoke his readers to address this question.




August 23, 2016

Differential Access to High School Counseling, Postsecondary Destinations, and STEM Careers

In this article we explore the ways in which the work of counseling departments in two different school environments shape students’ STEM participation in high school, with important potential consequences for STEM in college and beyond.


Two Ideals of Educational Justice

As Robert McClintock argues, educational researchers often rely upon a distributive model of justice, despite its insufficiency in describing education’s formative aims. In this essay, the author argues that the limits of our contemporary view of education as a distributable good can be traced to two distinct and contradictory traditions in educational thought: one, the distributive ideal of divine plenitude and the other, the formative principle that McClintock identifies in Plato’s Republic.



August 22, 2016






August 17, 2016

Religious Youths’ Motivations for Reading Complex, Religious Texts

Situated within social and cultural perspectives of literacy and motivation, this study examines religious youths’ personal motivations for reading complex, religious texts such as the Bible and the Book of Mormon by looking closely at the connections among their literacy practices, religious ideologies, and the expression of their religious identities.


August 14, 2016

How the government can monitor U.S. citizens

Just what tools do American governments—federal, state, and local—have to monitor U.S. citizens? There are other such lists online, but I couldn’t find one that struck me as being quite complete. This list omits strictly criminal tracking, because while criminals are citizens, actual crime obviously needs to be tracked.

  1. First, there’s what you yourself reveal: the government can use whatever information you yourself put into the public domain. For some of us (like me), that’s a heck of a lot of information.
  2. Government also tries to force tech companies to reveal our personal information, ostensibly to catch terrorists and criminals. The FBI and NSA have both been in the news about this.
  3. The NSA famously tracks our email and phone calls. They might be looking for terrorism and crime, but we’re caught in the net too.
  4. The IRS, obviously, tracks your income, business information, and much else. That certainly qualifies as government monitoring.
  5. State, local, and school district tax systems do the same.
  6. The FBI’s NSAC (National Security Branch Analysis Center) has hundreds of millions of records about U.S. citizens, many perfectly law-abiding.
  7. The State Dept., Homeland Security, and others contribute to systems that include biometric information on some 126 million citizens—that means fingerprints, photos, and other biographical information.
  8. For a small number of citizens—740,000 to 10 million, depending on the system—there is a lot more information available, not just because the people are actual or terrorists or criminals, but only because they are suspected of such activity. If someone in government with the authority thinks you fall into broad categories that make you possibly dangerous, they can start collecting a heck of a lot more information about you.
  9. The Census Bureau tracks our basic demographic information every ten years.
  10. U.S. school students in at least 41 states are tracked by Statewide Longitudinal Data Systems, including demographics, enrollment status, test scores, preparedness for college, etc.
  11. Many and various public cameras, including license plate readers, are used by many local authorities, mainly for crime prevention.
  12. Monitoring by police will be easier in the near future: As an expert on the subject, law professor Bill Quigley, puts it, “Soon, police everywhere will be equipped with handheld devices to collect fingerprint, face, iris and even DNA information on the spot and have it instantly sent to national databases for comparison and storage.”
  13. The internet of things will be another avenue in which government will increasingly be able to view our habits.

So…explain to me again how we have a right to privacy under the Fourth Amendment.

By the way, it is a conceptual mistake to suppose that there is any one person or group of people who have access to (and care about) the information in all of these databases. How the databases are used is carefully circumscribed by law, obviously, and just because the information is in a database, it doesn’t follow that there has been a privacy violation. But it does raise concerns in the aggregate: the extent to which we are monitored might be a problem even if most programs are individually constitutionally justifiable.

In short, is there any point at which we say “enough is enough”? Or do we grudgingly give government technical access into every area of our lives and hope that the law controls how the information is being used?

In the comments, please let me know what I’ve missed and I can do updates.

Sources: Common Dreams, ACLU, Ed.gov, Forbes, Wired, Guardian, and my own experience working at the Census Bureau long ago.


August 12, 2016

Texas Campus Carry Law's Implications on Social Justice Preparation

The Texas Campus Carry Law permits students to bring guns into classrooms and many faculty members believe this will impact their ability to engage in social justice teaching that challenges the status quo and promotes the development of a reflective and equity-oriented teacher or school leader. This commentary discusses how campus carry is already effecting an institution serving Hispanic students in Texas.


August 09, 2016


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