This chapter aims to extend the repertoire of understandings about place and policy in place-based education with a focus on ideas of space, mobility, and belonging. The view provided by this extended perspective leads to the question: How does mobility challenge and provide new ways of thinking about place-based education.
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This chapter delineates three models of democracy, noting the role that alternative education plays within each model. Then, from the perspective of the participatory democracy model, I examine various initiatives to foster democracy in alternative learning contexts, drawing relevant examples from the literature to highlight critical issues, tensions, and dilemmas, and lessons learned.
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Informal, out-of-school education encompasses a variety of programs existing alongside the founding and growth of public schools. This chapter explores the history of the institutionalization of informal, out-of-school education, including programs offered by religious institutions, social service organizations, cultural institutions, special interest organizations, the media and universities. Access to these programs is neither uniformly offered nor guaranteed, a situation that potentially exacerbates existent inequities.
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The chapter introduces the volume on the basis of four principles: seeing education holistically as inclusive of diverse learning contexts; recognizing that learning opportunities emerge both in and across contexts; advancing research on learning in ways that enable the study of learning over time and across contexts; and attending to possible futures in the present.
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This chapter provides a critique of the post-racial discourse that emerged after the election of President Barack Obama as the first African American president of the United States. Using personal narrative, I extend this critique of the post-racial within the context of a multicultural education graduate program.
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In light of the current mainstream contention that the United States has entered a post-racial epoch with the election of the first African American president, this work posits that post-racial rhetoric obfuscates the continued racialized experiences of Black families regardless of class status.
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This chapter examines the charter school policy and planning network and how this network is helping to grow urban charter schools and related advocacy organizations across the United States.
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This concluding chapter examines how this book on student voice intersects with previous research about policy, especially policy implementation and sustainability. Mapping onto the themes of this volume, Discovering, Developing, and Demonstrating the power of student voice, I focus on three issues—legitimizing the role of young people in the policy and reform process; preparing adults to work with young people; and sustaining ongoing student voice work.
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Kids Rethink New Orleans Schools is an organization of primarily middle school youth that formed after Hurricane Katrina destroyed most of the city’s schools. This chapter describes Rethink’s first six years of operation, which culminated in school system policy changes and an HBO documentary about the organization’s groundbreaking work.
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Drawing from the theories of racial formation theory and race marking, this chapter explores the durability of racial discourses in school curriculum over time in the United States. The authors’ inquiry focuses on racial discourses located in two sources of curricula knowledge: children’s literature and U.S. history textbooks.
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This chapter explains the links between relational developmental systems theory and the strength-based, positive youth development (PYD) perspective. The Five Cs model of PYD (involving competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) is used to assess the role of school engagement in PYD.
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This chapter explores how youth organizers have injected themselves into education policy conversations in Philadelphia, asserting their agency and using their voices to shape how policymakers view them as well as the problems that confront them.
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This chapter explores the influence of a youth participatory action research group, viewing the group’s efforts as challenges to racial inequality in education. The authors examine how individuals in positions of relative power—teachers, school administrators, and public officials—responded to the group’s advocacy efforts.
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In this chapter, two student members of the Student Voice Collaborative (SVC) describe their experiences as “Student Shadows” during the annual Quality Review process, used throughout the New York Department of Education to evaluate how well schools are organized to support student achievement. They chronicle how this experience enhanced their understanding of student voice, helped inspire meaningful changes to the rubric used by Quality Reviewers, and introduced a new model for school assessment that centers on students and educators as partners.
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This chapter chronicles the experiences of three friends who journey from being students in teacher education to junior faculty in the field. Using critical race theory as an analytical tool, the three friends highlight the ways in which racism exists and is manifested in three different teacher education programs.
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Community organizing efforts employ different types of research as they seek to address community issues. This chapter details the evolving use of research in a youth organizing effort in San Bernardino, CA that has addressed issues in schools, the educational system, and the broader community. We examine the youth organizers’ use of organizing research and youth participatory action research (YPAR) and the contributions of each form of research to the organizing effort.
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This chapter details how slavery, segregation, and racism impacted the educational experiences of African Americans from the colonial era to the present. It argues that America has yet to be a truly post-slavery and post-segregation society, let alone a post-racial society.
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The authors examine changes in the level and dispersion of student engagement across the transition to high school. Changes in the total dispersion in engagement among all students, as well as divergence in engagement between students of differing gender, race, socioeconomic background, and initial levels of achievement are reported.
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The chapter examines youth participation within three intergenerational collectives using participatory action research (PAR) to address educational policies youth viewed as counterproductive to their education. Outlining the complexity of youth voice, the multiple vehicles within the arts through which youth voice is expressed, and the different ways in which youth voice is received by educators and policy makers, the chapter underscores the promise of youth involvement in developing, assessing, and fundamentally altering educational policy.
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This chapter recounts the first 3 years of the Student Voice Collaborative (SVC) in New York City, a district supported student leadership initiative that engages high school aged youth in school reform work at school and district levels. Based on his experiences developing and running the SVC, the author identifies nine design and implementation principles that have made the group effective in supporting students so their voices can be heard by school leaders.
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Critical race theory has emerged as a powerful critique of color-blind ideology but has failed to adequately explore the colonial history and neocolonial legacies within the claims for a Black citizenship. This article argues for an anticolonial analysis of citizenship based on Carter G. Woodson’s Appeal.
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This chapter shows how student positioning by adults shapes opportunities for students to learn collective systemic agency including practices such as organizing others, developing a systemic analysis, and taking action in complex institutions, such as schools. We argue that these learning opportunities are expanded when education professionals look beyond curricular experiences and attend to how students are positioned through discourse in the broader context of the school.
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Despite traditional notions of meritocracy, higher education has a long history of exclusionary practices. This chapter explores connections between such practices and racial ideology in the United States, including the recent concept of “post-racialism.”
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This chapter highlights the voices and experiences of young people in a rural part of the United States as they examine youth engagement in academic and community life and generate recommendations for policies and practices to prevent youth from becoming disconnected.
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This introduction to the Yearbook focuses on: conceptualizations of engagement, the processes of engagement, portraits of engaging learning environments, and whole-school approaches to education.
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